1999. The Euro currency was introduced. The Mars Polar Lander was launched. The first nonstop balloon flight around the world was completed in 20 days by Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones. The world awaited the consequences of the Y2K bug. And the work of the Foundation for Research on Information Technologies in Society (IT’IS) began.

A decade later, the research activities of IT’IS still reflect its vision of making a tangible difference in people’s lives through the safe and beneficial application of electromagnetic energy in health and information technologies. Through its unrelenting dedication and efforts, the undisputed, scientifically sound, long-term, stable and harmonized standards for wireless devices were established; both rigorous and scientifically sound procedures to demonstrate compliance, and novel and sophisticated clinical tools for the treatment of cancerous tumors were developed; and our understanding of EM-tissue interactions has expanded. New research initiatives, the continued development of core competencies in experimental and computational electromagnetics and the continued expansion of its expertise in biology and medical technology have allowed the Foundation to improve its research productivity and accelerate the discovery process.

The IT’IS Foundation was founded on November 17, 1999 and established as a non-profit, independent research institute through the initiative and support of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETHZ), the global wireless communication industry and several government agencies. The aim was to create a flexible and dynamic research institution capable of addressing the research needs of society in the explosively expanding field of information technologies. In thoughtfully chosing the strategies that would allow for the Foundation’s future accomplishments, a plan was implemented to maximize its impact by combining people and talent and to address the needs of the field of bioelectromagnetics. Selecting both a diverse group of board members from academia, industry and from the government; and outstanding, distinguished and young scientists was critical to ensure a high quality of research, to build global alliances with the research community, and to secure sufficient funding. It was also essential to establish a clear separation between the sources of funding and the results of individual research projects, to guarantee both the credibility and the longevity of the Foundation. IT’IS also endeavored to provide a proactive, creative and innovative research environment for the cultivation of sound science and good education. Results are widely disseminated to the scientific community and the general public through peer-reviewed journals, conference proceedings, television interviews, and white papers.

By 2005, IT’IS had become an emerging competence center in the field of bioelectromagnetics. The Foundation prides itself for being at the forefront of important trends and revelations that have shaped bioelectromagnetic research today. Our interdisciplinary approaches have allowed us to seamlessly expand our research endeavors to meet shifting research interests and to explore exciting new applications of electromagnetic fields (EMF).

Although concern about EMF exposure on human health originated decades ago, the advent of mobile phones ignited new interest among the public, industry and the government to identify potential adverse effects. The limited financial and human resources and infrastructure of the Foundation in the early years imposed sharply focused and highly selective research directions. For the first four years, we maintained focus in two critical areas: 1) Health Risk Assessments and 2) Measurement and Computational Techniques for Electromagnetic Analysis. Emphasis was initially placed on developing sound exposure systems to investigate the effects of EMF exposure on human health in large collaborative studies, such as the EU FP5 PERFORM A and REFLEX studies and the industry-funded PERFORM B and C projects. A prior collaboration with the Sleep Laboratory of the University of Zurich on changes in sleep EEG after radiofrequency (RF) exposure also continued at the newly opened Foundation and yielded unexpected, interesting, yet puzzling results. The REFLEX project also revealed unanticipated positive results, namely the effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) and RF exposures on gene expression stability.

The Foundation actively initiated confirmation studies on the positive ELF findings of the University of Basel. After garnering positive results, these ELF confirmation studies became part of the Swiss National Research Program NRP57. SEAWIND, an EU-funded project of the 7th Framework Programme commenced in December 2009 under the leadership of the IT’IS Foundation with the goal of investigating the positive RF findings.

Our growing expertise and proven competences were further recognized when the prestigious US National Institutes of Health (NIH) selected the IT’IS Foundation to develop the world’s largest facility for RF animal exposures as part of a US$ 25 million long-term study to evaluate the potential toxicity and carcinogenicity of cell phone RF signals in laboratory animals. Similarly, the Swiss National Science Foundation appointed IT’IS to develop most of the exposure systems and conduct the required exposure assessments for the NRP57 program.

The first years of the Foundation also saw the evolution of the pioneering state-of-the-art EM and thermal simulation software SEMCAD X, partly funded by projects such as TRINITY. In parallel, we began developing the next generation of measurement instrumentation capable of full time-domain analysis. Research on developing rigorous and scientifically sound procedures to demonstrate compliance (Project CSCIENCE) and active participation in the standardization committees of CENELEC, IEEE SCC34, SCC28 and IEC106 were also central to the Foundation's activity from the beginning.

IT’IS eventually collaborated with the US Food & Drug Administration (FDA) to resolve the long-standing controversy generated by the hypothesis that children absorb greater amounts of energy from mobile phones than adults. The results of these studies, funded by government agencies, the Mobile Manufacturers Forum (MMF) and test equipment manufacturers, helped to establish the undisputed, scientifically sound, long-term, stable and harmonized standards for wireless devices.

By 2003, our momentum was evident as we launched a new research area, Health Support Systems, to complement our two well-established research areas. As the trend towards incorporating miniaturized wireless sensors in medical and health surveillance systems increased, the Foundation capitalized on its core strengths in engineering, computational and physical sciences. Our initial project, ULTRACOM, aimed at developing a comprehensive model for data transmission through the human body. Ambitious new projects soon followed, including HYCUNEHT, a hyperthermia treatment project to develop novel and sophisticated clinical tools, such as novel antenna array treatment planning software and image processing algorithms, for the treatment of cancerous tumors. The developed tools demonstrated proof of concept and are currently being applied in Phase II clinical trials for head and neck cancers. Although this new research area had a promising start, industry and governments began to drastically cut funding for health risk assessments by mid-decade, jeopardizing vital projects.

The Foundation responded by using its own funds to expand its infrastructure and increase human resources while reaching out to new partners and applying for new grants. In time, our relentless efforts were rewarded as new opportunities emerged in various research areas. Stronger research ties were established with the FDA through a mutual Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA), initiating the evolution of our 3D anatomically correct Virtual Family models. In subsequent projects, the original Virtual Family was extended to include the Virtual Classroom and an entire patient population. These freely available models are widely used by hundreds of research groups around the world for non-commercial projects.

We also established strong ties with many prominent research laboratories in pursuit of medical technology advances and with partners at universities, start-up companies and global corporations. Continued progress in our measurement and simulation technologies inspired our growing activities in promoting increased safety for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, MR-safe implants and MR-guided intervention. In cooperation with one of the world’s largest manufacturers of active medical implants, IT’IS began developing rigorous and sound procedures for demonstrating compliance of active and passive medical implants with safety limits for human exposure and temperature increases within a MR environment. Our successes in medical technology research ultimately led to the formation of Zurich Med Tech (ZMT), an IT’IS Foundation spin-off, in 2006.

In recent years, the Foundation broadened its research focus by establishing a new research group, Computational Life Sciences, with the ambitious goal of becoming a major contributor in multiphysics and tissue modeling for applications such as the evaluation and development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. A series of finite element method-based solvers for flow, mechanics and convection-diffusion-reactions have already been developed. Recently approved funding will allow us to further develop advanced acoustic solvers focusing on ultrasound and EM-neuron interactions. An important milestone will be the effective integration of these solvers and tissue modeling into a coupling framework.

Compared to commercially available solvers, our current specialized solvers are approximately 100 times faster. Complementary software was also developed to simulate realistic biological tissue distributions by generating high quality meshes based on segmented image data. The simulation tools are now being applied to problems as diverse as tumor growth and treatment modeling, cartilage remodeling, bone resection, stent deployment, flow conditions in aneurysms and aneurysm formation, hemo-magneto-dynamic effect, intussusceptive angiogenesis and swimming microrobots.

We simultaneously pursue our research in EM cancer treatment to improve and extend our advanced hyperthermia applicator and treatment planning technologies with the collaborative support of our current and new partner network. In silico models generated with our simulation tool will also enhance our understanding of cancer at a cellular and systematic level in the years to come.

By harnessing the power of its advances and expertise in electromagnetic energy delivery systems and EMF modeling, the Foundation can explore new scientific frontiers at the interface of computation, biology, physics and engineering.

There were no guarantees that the Foundation’s efforts would have an impact. Seemingly insurmountable obstacles have been overcome and we have survived the test of time. We welcome the associated obligations and responsibilities to continually conduct good science as we are committed to maintaining our status as the leading competence center in near-field instrumentation, computational electromagnetics and bioelectromagnetic research; and to expanding our expertise in computational life sciences for the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Collectively, our research initiatives represent our commitment to making a tangible difference in people’s lives by enhancing the safety and quality of emerging electromagnetic technologies, improving the quality of life and adding healthy life years. Our challenge in the coming years is to build on the exceptional achievements of the last decade while staying true to our enduring mission.